2.1: Healthcare Occupations in Ontario
Categories of Organizations and Their Structure
Companies are generally categorized as either service producing or goods producing and are organized according to industry groups: agriculture, healthcare, arts and entertainment, and so on. Functional areas refer to the way that organizations are differentiated into various departments. The larger the organization, the more specific are its functions. Small- and medium-sized companies, on the other hand, are much less stratified and one person may have several roles. When identifying your career goals, it’s helpful to know which functional area you are most interested in.
Organizational Structure
There are ten principal functions that are typically found in organizations. Not every company has all ten – some overlap and some don’t exist at all. In general, however, corporate structures have some of the following:
1) Administration:
Provide support services for all departments, organize and schedule meetings; handle logistics for everyday operations; prepare and file business documents.
2) Human Resources:
Identify staffing needs; interview potential employees; maintain benefits; oversee training and development; create employment practices in accord with federal and provincial laws.
3) Finance and Accounting:
Prepare balance sheets, cash flow statements, and other financial documents; develop accounts payable and receivable procedures; conduct financial planning; handle investments
4) Information Systems:
Develop, manage, and analyze computerized information systems and databases; program computers; use technology to further organizational goals.
5) Sales:
Make sales calls; provide product or service information; close sales, develop relationships with customers; identify potential customers; process sales orders.
6) Manufacturing/Production:
Develop procedures to manufacture products; analyze production systems to increase efficiency; purchase raw materials or equipment; develop and monitor production schedules
7) Customer Service:
Continually interact with customers, usually on the phone; take orders; provide information on products and services; handle customer complaints.
8) General Management:
Manage, supervise, prepare business plans, develop subordinates, prepare project plans, motivate teams, prepare and monitor budgets, approve expenditures, coordinate the activities of others.
9) Research and Development:
Analysis of statistical or scientific data; conceptualization and design of new products or product improvements; conduct scientific experiments; perform mathematical or statistical calculations; provide engineering expertise in product development.
10) Marketing:
Identify markets, competitors and potential customers; develop marketing plans; prepare advertising copy and promotional material; set prices; perform market research; work with other departments to ensure that products or services meet customer needs.
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